Phoenixin: uncovering its receptor, signaling and functions

Palmitoylation of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor S1P is involved in its signaling functions and internalization.

The lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) regulates several cellular processes through binding to its receptors (S1P(1)-S1P(5)), which are heterotrimeric G protein-coupled receptors. Here, we report that all S1P receptors are palmitoylated. In S1P(1), three Cys residues in the cytoplasmic tail are palmitoylated. We examined the roles of palmitoylation of S1P(1) using model cells in which...

Uncovering Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-like Signaling Networks

1. INTRODUCTION Proteomes are significantly more complex than genomes and transcriptomes due to protein processing and extensive post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. Hundreds of different modifications exist. Release 66 of the RESID database 1ferent modifications, including small chemical modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, and methylation and modification by small...

Editorial: Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor Signaling and Functions

Directed Blocking of TGF-β Receptor I Binding Site Using Tailored Peptide Segments to Inhibit its Signaling Pathway

Background: TGF-β isoforms play crucial roles in diverse cellular processes. Therefore, targeting and inhibiting TGF-β signaling pathway provides a potential therapeutic opportunity. TGF-β isoforms bind and bring the receptors (TβRII and TβRI) together to form a signaling complex in an ordered manner. Objectives: Herein, an antagonistic variant of TGF-β (AnTβ)...

Gibberellin receptor and its role in gibberellin signaling in plants.

Gibberellins (GAs) are a large family of tetracyclic, diterpenoid plant hormones that induce a wide range of plant growth responses. It has been postulated that plants have two types of GA receptors, including soluble and membrane-bound forms. Recently, it was determined that the rice GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1 (GID1) gene encodes an unknown protein with similarity to the hormone-sensitive ...